Linux當中沒有很多方便又有圖形化的監控工具，大部分的監控可以透過SNMP或是其他工具輔助，像我通常都使用單顆硬碟居多，硬碟的健康狀況總是得偶爾關心一下，而且老實說我真的沒有在意過Linux的硬碟溫度，還真是糟糕.....不過既然得知了有方便的工具，當然得使用看看，多關心硬碟一點，壽命久一點！
「Smartmontools」在Linux當中可以透過yum來安裝即可，我要安裝的同時才發現我系統內原本就有這個套件，之前都沒有用到還真是小小浪費了～來看看除了文件檔之外有哪些檔案呢？
$ rpm -ql smartmontools
/etc/rc.d/init.d/smartd
/etc/smartd.conf
/etc/sysconfig/smartmontools
/usr/sbin/smartctl
/usr/sbin/smartd
原來這工具就是系統內一直都沒開啟使用的
「smartd」服務啊^^a，一直以來我都沒有開啟過，一直以來都只開起
【必要開啟的服務】，其他的能省則省。
$ smartctl -a /dev/sdb3
smartctl version 5.38 [i686-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model: ST31000333AS
Serial Number: 9TE10MBY
Firmware Version: CC1H
User Capacity: 1,000,203,804,160 bytes
Device is: Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is: 8
ATA Standard is: ATA-8-ACS revision 4
Local Time is: Tue Feb 8 14:25:49 2011 CST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Disabled（未啟動HDD SMART）
SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.（未啟動服務）啟動服務後就會有一堆硬碟資訊出現了～真的還不少，展開來看吧！ more..真的還不少，展開來看吧！ less.. === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 625) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 212) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x103f) SCT Status supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 120 099 006 Pre-fail Always - 238786274
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 100 100 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 26
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 6
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 069 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 9620914
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 081 081 000 Old_age Always - 16940
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 037 020 Old_age Always - 34
184 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 001 001 000 Old_age Always - 643
188 Unknown_Attribute 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 044 044 000 Old_age Always - 56
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 059 041 045 Old_age Always In_the_past 41 (7 68 41 41)
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 041 059 000 Old_age Always - 41 (0 25 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 034 029 000 Old_age Always - 238786274
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 16
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 16
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
240 Head_Flying_Hours 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 87746181860942
241 Unknown_Attribute 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 702344905
242 Unknown_Attribute 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 353203500
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 635 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.Error 635 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3659 hours (152 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:29.967 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:29.934 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:27.106 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:27.102 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:24.294 READ DMA EXTError 634 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3659 hours (152 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:27.106 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:27.102 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:24.294 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:24.262 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:21.449 READ DMA EXTError 633 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3659 hours (152 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:24.294 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:24.262 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:21.449 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:21.446 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:18.708 READ DMA EXTError 632 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3659 hours (152 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:21.449 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:21.446 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:18.708 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:18.607 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:15.863 READ DMA EXTError 631 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 3659 hours (152 days + 11 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were:
ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
-- -- -- -- -- -- --
40 51 00 ff ff ff 0f Error: UNC at LBA = 0x0fffffff = 268435455 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:18.708 READ DMA EXT
ec 00 00 7a 7f 3d a0 00 32d+14:50:18.607 IDENTIFY DEVICE
25 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:15.863 READ DMA EXT
35 00 08 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:15.861 WRITE DMA EXT
35 00 10 ff ff ff ef 00 32d+14:50:15.860 WRITE DMA EXTSMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
資訊真的是多到眼花撩亂，若不是有特殊的監控項目，還真的不知道該如何著手，而且我的Linux是架設在ESXi上，系統的硬碟其實是看不到SMART的資訊，自己
【Mapping Physical Disk to vmdk】的硬碟才可以看的到SMART的訊息，ESXi的硬碟可能還是得從ESXi的方面著手。而我主要要觀察的項目為溫度，在上方資訊要觀察的項目是194這個項次。自己下指令或是寫script觀察溫度是可行的，不過既然smartd是一個服務，不妨看看設定檔，果然有監控的選項即設定，當發生問題時可以主動發信告知，也可以將一些紀錄寫入syslog，日後有需要查詢時也方便許多。仔細查看/etc/smartd.conf的設定檔，發現可以監控的項目不少，而且預設的範例都有寫在設定檔內，若有一些進階需求，可以翻翻設定檔或許會有解答，而我目前只改了一些基本的設定。
# 全域設定寄發郵件的對象
DEVICESCAN -H -m 電子信箱# 每小時紀錄194、231、9的訊息到syslog
DEVICESCAN -I 194 -I 231 -I 9# Monitor all attributes except normalized Temperature (usually 194),
# but track Temperature changes >= 4 Celsius, report Temperatures
# >= 45 Celsius and changes in Raw value of Reallocated_Sector_Ct (5).
# Send mail on SMART failures or when Temperature is >= 55 Celsius.
# 應該是溫度改變超過4度，溫度大於45、55度告警，以及磁區故障系統自動配置備用磁區超過5時告警
/dev/sdb -a -I 194 -W 4,45,55 -R 5 -m 電子信箱# 默默的檢查，SMART發生異常時才發出通知
/dev/sdb -H -C 0 -U 0 -m 電子信箱# 更多的設定選項如下
-d TYPE Set the device type: ata, scsi, marvell, removable, 3ware,N, hpt,L/M/N
-T TYPE set the tolerance to one of: normal, permissive
-o VAL Enable/disable automatic offline tests (on/off)
-S VAL Enable/disable attribute autosave (on/off)
-n MODE No check. MODE is one of: never, sleep, standby, idle
-H Monitor SMART Health Status, report if failed
-l TYPE Monitor SMART log. Type is one of: error, selftest
-f Monitor for failure of any 'Usage' Attributes
-m ADD Send warning email to ADD for -H, -l error, -l selftest, and -f
-M TYPE Modify email warning behavior (see man page)
-s REGE Start self-test when type/date matches regular expression (see man page)
-p Report changes in 'Prefailure' Normalized Attributes
-u Report changes in 'Usage' Normalized Attributes
-t Equivalent to -p and -u Directives
-r ID Also report Raw values of Attribute ID with -p, -u or -t
-R ID Track changes in Attribute ID Raw value with -p, -u or -t
-i ID Ignore Attribute ID for -f Directive
-I ID Ignore Attribute ID for -p, -u or -t Directive
-C ID Report if Current Pending Sector count non-zero
-U ID Report if Offline Uncorrectable count non-zero
-W D,I,C Monitor Temperature D)ifference, I)nformal limit, C)ritical limit
-v N,ST Modifies labeling of Attribute N (see man page)
-a Default: equivalent to -H -f -t -l error -l selftest -C 197 -U 198
-F TYPE Use firmware bug workaround. Type is one of: none, samsung
-P TYPE Drive-specific presets: use, ignore, show, showall
大致上我就只有設定那麼一些些，主要還是藉由服務幫忙監控，若是需要更簡單的方式監控硬碟溫度，可以設定「hddtemp」的服務，不過能偵測的硬碟有限，snmp的資訊似乎也沒溫度的相關訊息，所以暫時就是簡單的設定告警囉！
http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
